How do endometrial polyps differ from uterine fibroids, and why do they need to be evaluated?

While both are localised overgrowths in the uterus, they originate from different tissue layers:

Endometrial Polyps grow from the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) and are typically soft, tissue-like growths.

Uterine Fibroids grow from the myometrium (the thick muscular wall of the uterus) and are firm, muscular growths.

Polyps commonly cause irregular spotting between periods, postmenopausal bleeding, or heavy periods, and can sometimes interfere with embryo implantation during fertility attempts. Although most polyps are benign, a small percentage can carry atypical cells or early malignant changes, which is why removal and histological lab testing are generally recommended once identified.